2. Cybersecurity Attacks and Countermeasures

Social engineering attacks ¹

• Social engineering: the act of manipulating a person to take an action that may or may not be in the target’s best interest.
• Divided into single-stage and multi-stage attacks (the information gathered from an attack is used to launch another attack).
• The attack cycle: collect information, establish trust, exploit trust, and execute attack.
• Popular social engineering attacks using online means:

---

References

---

1. Airehrour, D., Nair, N.V., & Madanian, S. (2018, May 3). Social engineering attacks and countermeasures in the new zealand banking system: advancing a user-reflective mitigation model. MDPI. https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/9/5/110 ↩